What Are Reduced Adverb Clauses and How Do They Work

Reduced adverb clauses refer to the shortening of an adverb clause to an adverbial phrase of time, causality, or opposition. Adverb clauses may be reduced only if the subject of both the dependent (the adverb clause) and independent clause are the same. Here are detailed descriptions and instructions on how to reduce each type of adverb clause that has the same subject as the independent clause. But first, lets take a look at an example of a correct reduced adverb clause. Once you understand how to form reduced adverb clauses, take the reduced adverb clauses quiz to test your understanding. Teachers can use the printable version of this quiz in class. Correct Reduced Adverb Clause to Adverbial Phrase Because she has a test next week, she is studying very hard. - Having a test next week, she is studying very hard. Incorrect Reduced Adverb Clause to Adverbial Phrase Because she has a test next week, her mother is reviewing vocabulary with her. - Having a test next week, her mother is reviewing vocabulary with her. In the first example, the dependent adverb clause (Because she has a test next week) has the same subject as the independent clause (she is studying very hard.). In the second example, each clause has its own subject and can not be reduced. Only Certain Types of Adverb Clauses Can Be Reduced There are several adverb clauses in English such as adverb clauses of time, causality, opposition, condition, manner, and place. Not all adverb clauses can be reduced. Only adverb clauses of time, causality, and opposition can be reduced. Here are some examples of each type of adverb clause that can be reduced: Reduced Adverb Clauses of Time Before he bought the house, he did a lot of research. - Before buying the house, he did a lot of research.After she had lunch, she went back to work. - After having lunch, she went back to work. Reduced Adverb Clauses of Causality Because she was late, she excused herself at the meeting - Being late, she excused herself.As Tom had extra work to do, he stayed late at work. - Having extra work to do, Tom stayed late at work. Reduced Adverb Clauses of Opposition Though he had a lot of money, he didnt have many friends.- Though having a lot of money, he didnt have many friends.Although she was beautiful, she still felt shy. - Although beautiful, she still felt shy. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Time Adverb clauses of time are reduced in different ways depending on the time expression used. Here are the most common: Before / After / Since Keep the time wordRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form OR use a noun Examples: After he took the test, he slept for a long time.- After taking the test, he slept for a long time OR After the test, he slept for a long time.Since I moved to Rochester, I have gone to the Philharmonic numerous times. - Since moving to Rochester, I have gone to the Philharmonic numerous times. As Delete asRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: As I was falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy. - Falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy.As she was driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. - Driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. As soon as Delete as soon as and replace with upon or onRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: As soon as she finished the report, she gave it to the boss. - Upon finishing the report, she gave it to the boss.As soon as we woke up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. - On waking up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Causality Adverb clauses of causality (providing the reason for something) are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions because, since and as. Each of these reduce in the same manner. Remove the subordinating conjunctionRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: Because he was late, he drove to work. - Being late, he drove to work.Since she was tired, she slept in late. - Being tired, she slept in late. NOTE: When using the negative form of the verb, place not before the gerund when reducing. Examples: As he didnt want to disturb her, he left the room quickly. - Not wanting to disturb her, he left the room quickly.Because she didnt understand the question, she asked the teacher for some help. - Not understanding the question, she asked the teacher for some help. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Opposition Adverb clauses of opposition beginning with though, although, or while can be reduced in the following manner: Keep the subordinating conjunctionRemove the subject and the verb beKeep the noun or adjectiveOR change the verb to the gerund form Examples: (adjective) While he was a happy man, he had many serious problems. - While happy, he had many serious problems.(noun) Though she was an excellent student, she failed to pass the test. -Though an excellent student, she failed to pass the test.ï » ¿(gerund) Although he had a car, he decided to walk.- Although having a car, he decided to walk.

Amendments - 846 Words

The Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, and Fifteenth Amendment all have had a major impact on the United States of America from the beginning. These three amendments have changed our country immensely for the better. The Thirteenth Amendment officially abolished slavery, and is still illegal till this day. The Fourteenth Amendment stated that if you were born in the United States of America you were officially an American citizen no matter race. The Fifteenth Amendment banned each government in the United States from taking away an american citizen’s right to vote based on their color, race, or their past (if they were a slave). These three amendments were put in place right after the Civil War ended and was America’s first step†¦show more content†¦In the United States today the African American population as grown in size as compared to post Civil War era and this amendment helps in today’s world because theres so many more votes being account ed for, making a big difference in who goes into any form of political office. If the Fifteenth Amendment was never put in place a very large portion of the United States would be unable to vote or have a say in who is put in charge of their own country. Giving anybody the right to vote no matter their race or color helps government voting polls be as unbiased as possible as truly helps make our country equal and a better place for anybody to live no matter who they are or what they look like. These three amendments have changed our country for the better from the day they were put into place, and are still in affect to this day. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments gave African Americans the right to do many things they never had before, and made them equal to every other white man in their country. The United States of America today is based off and known for its equality no matter race, or color and these amendments are what started this country’s journey to equality for anyone andShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment And The Rights Amendment1341 Words   |  6 PagesPossibly the most conversational amendment to every make it’s way through the Senate and the House was the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972. The Equal Rights Amendment was, â€Å"introduced through the twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties without success† (Schneir, 369). Various organizations such as the National Woman’s Party (those who proposed it), National Organization for Women, the Women’s Department of the United Auto Workers, and many other feminists worked most if not all of theirRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1416 Words   |  6 Pagesof Ohio had long been a believer in the idea of equal protection of the laws for all people, and was one of the leaders of the effort to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. While aware of the need to prove the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act with the Fourteenth Amendme nt, Bingham did not actually believe that the Fourteenth Amendment created any new rights. Rather, he believed that it created a new understanding of rights already in the Constitution. Bingham maintained that, â€Å"The†¦equalRead MoreThe Amendment Of The 14th Amendment974 Words   |  4 Pagesstep at achieving this world with the passage of the 14th amendment. The intent of the 14th amendment was to prevent state governments from denying African Americans in the U.S. from their citizenship. At the time Africans were unable to attain citizenship because of their skin color. The Framer’s objective in formulating the 14th amendment was to grant citizenship to everyone born in the U.S., regardless of skin color. The 14th amendment expanded the protection of civil rights to all citizens inRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment Is The Amendment998 Words   |  4 PagesThe 6th amendment is the amendment where a person is able to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury in t he state or district crime is committed, can get informed about why you are in court, you also have a right to an attorney if you cannot afford one then one should be appointed to you. i will also be explain how even the people who are not even united states citizens have the right to the sixth amendment. There are major cases that i will go over that will help cement what the sixth amendmentRead MoreThe Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesNow Cometh Triginal D. Jackson in a Motion for Dismissal on the grounds of excessive Governmental Involvement and abuse of Fourth Amendment s right of the people to be secure in their persons the Fifth Amendment. Ninth Amendment, and the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment Protects: The First Amendment protects Mr. Jackson form use of hypnosis to create a criminal act. Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, 39 S.Ct. 247, 63 L.Ed.2d. (1919) Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444, 89 S.Ct. 1827,Read MoreThe Second Amendment And The Amendment903 Words   |  4 PagesThe truth to the statement that â€Å"Texas has a love affair with the 2nd amendment more than any of the other amendments† is circumstantial depending on the interpretation of the 2nd amendment. The second amendment is the most challenged amendment because it is so vaguely worded and not straight forward. It reads â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† This somewhat incoherent statement leavesRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1532 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the thirteenth amendment, â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† The purpose of the thirteenth amendment was to end slavery or any form of involuntary servitude everywhere among the United States. There was new hope for African Americans throughout the country but unfortunately their freedom had a limit and coincidentallyRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe Fourteenth Amendment stopped unlawful actions by states. It also gave Congress the power to enforce the amendment through new laws that benefited and were fair to everyone. The Fourteenth Amendment represents part of the extension of the power of the national government over the states. It has been cited in more court cases than any other part of the Constitution. It made it possible for new legislation that has protected the rights of many throughout the United States and has helped uphold equalityRead MoreThe First Amendment : The Second Amendment1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment The first amendment is one of the most used amendments today. Everyone in the world uses it and sometimes takes advantage of it and most times uses it when needed to. The Bill Of Rights was created on December 15th of 1779 and was created to make some rules in the future because no one had the freedom to do anything. Most were punished if they spoke their opinion, they did not even have the right to choose their own religion. But that all changed when James Madison wrote the BillRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment2237 Words   |  9 PagesThe Fourth Amendment Introduction The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments from the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison on December 15, 1791. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to address the rights of the individuals that the Constitution did not specified correctly and it also was written to protect the rights of the individuals liberties even if the majority wanted to take them away. In the Fourth Amendment of the U.S Constitution provides privacy

Germany, 1918-1945 †Treaty of Versailles Free Essays

string(32) " that Germany was loosing hope\." The Treaty of Versailles was the first peace keeping treaty after the First World War. Its aims were to demilitarise, claim compensation and to keep peace with Germany. The signing of the treaty was humiliating and a great embarrassment for Germany and therefore Germany wasn’t represented. We will write a custom essay sample on Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was only the victors who attended. In the end, Germany resulted in a great loss of land. Germany also had to pay for the damage it had caused. These were called Respiration Payments, which were instalments of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6600 million. They couldn’t pay it because their land had been taken away and had loses to amend, too. Because of this, Germany had to print more money to pay the instalments. Money then lost its value, which led to hyperinflation. Germany’s armed forces were cut to 100,000 people; the navy was allowed 6 battleships and no U-boats. They weren’t allowed to have an airforce at all. Of course, this upset Germany’s armed forces as the majority of them were laid off. This all Helped Hitler’s rise to power because the armed forces were out of jobs and Hitler promised reforms of change to put it straight which encouraged the armed forces to vote for him. Not only was it the armed forces who were angry and frustrated but so too was the general public who felt humiliated and vulnerable for reduction of armed forces and all the other terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Therefore, Hitler was able to build on that. When writing ‘Mein Kampf’ (My Struggle) Hitler used the depression and economic difficulties on communists and Jews as a scapegoat. This fed into that the Treaty of Versailles gave something for him to use his oratory skills towards. Question 2. Long-term is something that has been going on over a long period of time. Short term is a trigger effect. It’s something that sparks it of. A short-term effect that contributed to Hitler’s rise to power is that the Enabling Law was passed in 1933. This allowed Hitler to do basically anything including the more important element of outlawing opposition. Therefore the Nazi would be the only political party in Germany. This had a dramatic effect in a short period of time as Hitler then came to power in 1934-one year after being promoted to Chancellor. This proved himself to be a dominant and powerful character for the job-just what Germany needed. This is good as Germany felt humiliated after the First World War and then the Treaty of Versailles and needed someone, like Hitler, to regain Germany’s strength and self-control. This obviously would tie in with the long-term effects. The Reichstag Fire was also a short-term effect. After studying previous work on the Reichstag Fire, I have come to the conclusion that Hitler started the fire on purpose in order to gain the public vote. This benefited Hitler and contributed to his rise to power as he denied lighting the fire and instead, insisted it was a communist plot as a scapegoat. It got the public thinking that if communists are the cause of the Reichstag Fire then they could quite possibly be the blame of Germany’s other problems, like Hitler was saying. This begun to get the German public to agree with Hitler’s views and therefore voted for him. On 8th November 1923, Hitler, with the SA, broke into a meeting held by three leaders of the Bavarian government. He forced the leaders to tell their audience that they would give the Nazis their full support by putting a gun to one of their heads. Hitler gained recognition not only for the Putsch but also for the trial that took place later. His 24-day trial reached the front page on a daily basis. He twisted the trial so even though he still went to prison, he drummed up much support. He made the November Criminals the traitors and made himself look like the â€Å"saviour† of the German people. He was such an orator that the way he spoke influenced the judges on their decisions. That is why Hitler was only given 5 years with the chance of parole after just six months. Perhaps the sentence he was given can be seen as a major benefactor in him taking power. Another short-term effect that helped Hitler’s rise to power was on the 30th June 1934 when Hitler radioed a signal to Berlin for the SS (bodyguard) to smash the SA (Storm troopers) in the events known as the ‘Night of the Long Knives’. Members of the SA were rounded up by the SS and taken to prison and were later butchered. Although this seems like an unusual way to go about getting the public approval, it was taken with gratitude by the public. This is because the SA was too violent. Their actions were scaring some of Hitler’s supporters such as big businesses, the ruling elites, and the general public. They were a large, intimidating group of up to three million. So Hitler was seen as a saviour and the public began to agree with his policies even more. Long-term effects such as the Treaty of Versailles contributed to his rise to power. The public felt humiliated and vulnerable to the defeat of World War One and then the Treaty of Versailles. The public of Germany obviously was very angry and wanted something done about it. So, with the aid of Hitler’s oratory skills, his personality and leadership, Hitler detested the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in his speeches and like the public, wanted something done about it. Therefore, he promised to make changes in order to regain Germany’s humiliating losses. This helped as the public shared the same views as Hitler and so supported him. Then there was the economic depression of 1923 and then 1929. The facts that Germany couldn’t afford the Respiration Payments, there was masses of unemployment, higher taxes and hyperinflation meant that Germany was loosing hope. You read "Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles" in category "Papers" They already were receiving loans from USA to help pay of Respiration Payments. Then when Hitler uses his oratory skills and protests he will lower the taxes, lower the unemployment status, set a new currency to stop inflation, Germany believed they had nothing to loose. So, this too, helps Hitler’s rise to power. One other element of Hitler’s rise to power is his oratory skills. Since he began his rise to power, he had always been a powerful and meaningful speaker. Hitler, although being a quiet man, was an excellent public speaker. Often, he was able work a crowded room into frenzy, yelling and cheering in support. He used his speaking ability persuade people to support his ideas and party. He dressed in uniform to put emphasis on his overwhelming sense of control and power, he used his hands to also express himself and he raised his voice in order to give a great impact for his audience. All in all, I believe the short term and long term combine together. It is possible to say that the long-term effects wouldn’t have been much use without the short-term effects and visa-versa. Therefore, short-term effects are just as important and play a vital role in Hitler’s rise to power, just as much as long-term. Question 3 I believe the Treaty of Versailles was a major element in Hitler’s rise to power. If it weren’t for the Treaty of Versailles then Hitler’s rise to power would be very much different in relation to what it was. The fact that he was able to use his oral skills to put across the shared views of public about the Treaty of Versailles and then build on that links the two together. I feel that the Treaty of Versailles sparked much unwanted controversy within the German Republic. Germany was so unhappy and humiliated both with the defeat of World War One and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. So to have a powerful speaker in uniform, standing up and protesting that the Treaty of Versailles was wrong and in conjunction, agreeing with the German public, was a great relief for Germany. Coinciding with this, the Munich Putsch happened at a time of hyperinflation, economic depression just after the Treaty of Versailles. Which obviously reinforces my argument that it was v ery much the Treaty of Versailles, which brought all the other financial and economic difficulties in Germany. I also think that the Economic Depression has influential reasons why Hitler rose to power, too. It was the long period of time when Germany, economically, socially and politically collapsed and money became worthless from hyperinflation etc. this was the Economic Depression. It was a time of deep despair; Germany was in the grip of this great depression with a population suddenly finding themselves in a state of poverty, misery and uncertainty, whilst in the middle of a rapidly growing political instability. However, there were other significant elements that combined with Hitler’s rise to power. So much so that if you were to rule out one then it would affect another (they’re linked). All of the other reasons include; The Munich Putsch, the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler’s oratory, personality and leadership, the decision by Von Papen and Hildenburg to appoint him as Chancellor in 1933, and the Enabling Law. The Enabling Law was a short-term effect but a vital one as it allowed him to outlaw opposition, which meant, what he said, was law. Without this and Hildenburg’s decision linked, Hitler would most certainly not have made it to be leader. Hildenburg thought that appointing Hitler as Chancellor, they could keep control of him-how wrong they were! And indeed there are other factors that aren’t mentioned. One being is the Reichstag Fire of which Hitler blamed on the Communists as a scapegoat. Without this, the Nazi’s would probably had been virtually unknown and still holding meetings in the Reichstag hall-not ideal for a political party. The employment status was so negative that for Hitler, his long awaited opportunity to reach out to the German people had arrived. At this point in the German nation the citizens, downtrodden and tired of their economic situation, were more than willing too listen to someone with ideas or visions of a brighter and certainly more stable Germany. The main reason why the Treaty of Versailles overthrows the Economic Depression, narrowly, and is the most influential above all of the others is because it was the beginning of an ongoing unhappiness, which ties in with the Economic Depression. I am probably liable to say that without the Treaty of Versailles, Germany wouldn’t have had the Economic Depression because money would of still had its value, currency, taxes wouldn’t have gone up and there wouldn’t have been any Respiration Payments. It was the symbolic element of which the Nazis were able to build their political views upon. The reason why Hitler became so popular over the Treaty of Versailles was because the terms of the Treaty were tough to compromise with that it led to most other effects. These propelled the Nazi party to new heights of daring, which was highly linked with the speeches Hitler gave and the promotional stunts that the Nazi party held. The party’s tactics were very good and effective in their rise to power. However the success was really thanks to Hitler and the character that in the beginning I believe he was portraying but later became. I believe that if the Treaty was not brought forward, the country wouldn’t have stumbled into a state of depression and Hitler would never have successfully raised the amount of strong morale that he did, mainly due to pure human conscience. Not many people believe in the majority of the Nazi party’s actions and politics. However, there were usually one or two points mostly of unemployment or the stabilising of money, of which the Treaty of Versailles was the cause of; that no one else had offered the German sufferers until then. Their time was that moment; to be the biggest and the best organised and supported party that Germany had had since the war. The people did not know that Hitler’s rise to power could cause another. How to cite Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles, Papers